According to UNICEF, only
16% of babies in Pakistan are exclusively breastfed (given
no other food or drink, not even water) for about six
months. This denies babies not only the perfectly balanced
source of nutrition, but also antibodies that protect
against infection, such as diarrhea and acute respiratory
infections, which are also detrimental to the nutritional
status of infants and young children and can even cause
death.
Between 1975-1983, 98%
of mothers were breastfeeding their babies at 3 months,
96% at six months and 90% at 12 months. Now only 31% of
mothers are breastfeeding along with giving complementary
foods when their babies are 6-9 months of age, while 56%
of mothers are still breastfeeding their child at 20-23
months of age. The decline is blamed largely on myths
and misconceptions spread through years of extensive and
aggressive marketing by the baby food industry.
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The following are obstacles
to breastfeeding in Pakistan: |
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Lack
of awareness about the benefits of optimal
breastfeeding and the hazards of using
other milks, especially using a bottle; |
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Myths
and misconceptions about
breastfeeding, especially: |
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Many
women, especially “weak” (underfed/malnourished/
overworked) women do not have enough milk to feed their babies; |
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Even
very young babies need water or tea, especially
in hot weather; |
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Played an active role
in getting the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance
2000 enacted and the Rules subsequently notified
in all four Provinces; |
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Complementary
feeding beginning at too young or too old an age; |
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Pre-lacteal
feeds such as honey, “ghutti”,'tea, or other
foods (even butter, or mashed chickpeas)'are
necessary to cleanse the newborn baby's stomach; |
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Colostrum
is stale milk and should be discarded or
mothers should wait until the milk comes into
feed their baby; |
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Baby
milk (formula) is (almost) as good for babies as mother's milk; |
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Workplace
barriers: |
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Maternity
protection non-existent or
inadequate; |
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No
breastfeeding breaks or support; |
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Non-availability
of child care at the workplace,
in the community or in the home; |
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Influence
of baby food industry on medical professionals; |
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Inappropriate
hospital practices: |
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High
rate of caesarian deliveries; |
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Delayed
initiation of breastfeeding, especially in caesarean deliveries; |
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Pre-lacteal
feeding; |
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No
breastfeeding counseling or support for mothers,
resorting instead to quick and easy babymilk prescriptions. |
President Pervez Musharraf in October 2002 promulgated the Protection of Breastfeeding and Young Child Nutrition Ordinance, 2002. This law addresses the need to ensure safe and adequate nutrition for infants and young children by promoting and protecting breastfeeding, and by regulating the marketing and promotion of baby milks and baby foods, feeding bottles and pacifiers.
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Salient Features of the Ordinance |
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No person shall promote infant formula, or other products including bottlefed complementary foods as are placement of breastmilk; |
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No promotion messages regarding such products will be carried by any form of media except as provided in this Ordinance; |
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No manufacturer or distributor shall donate free of charge such products or offer gifts to a health worker or his family, or any personnel employed in a health facility,
etc; |
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A National Infant Feeding Board comprised of representatives of Federal and Provincial Governments and other stakeholders including a representative of the industry will be constituted to advise the government on implementation of the Ordinance. The number of members in the National Infant Feeding Board has not been given in the Ordinance and will be determined by the Government; |