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In Pakistan, the situation is alarming. Women and children, especially girls, are indiscriminately tortured and physically injured. Categorized as a personal and domestic matter, they are not taken for proper medical treatment until their condition becomes critical, thereby increasing their suffering and the time needed for recovery and even jeopardizing their lives.
Incredibly, Section 89 of the PPC (Pakistan Penal Code 1860) empowers parents, teachers and other guardians to use corporal punishment as a means to discipline and correct the behavior of children under 12 years of age. However, such punishment must be moderate and reasonable. If the punishment inflicts serious injuries, the adult can be penalized and imprisoned. SPARC believes that all forms of corporal punishment, whether mild, moderate or severe, whether by parent, teacher or any adult, must be disallowed.
SPARC’s Brochure on Corporal Punishment (read more)
Child Sexual Abuse
Sexual abuse or violence includes a wide range of behavior from fondling a child’s genitals, intercourse, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism and commercial exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials. Children who are forced upon are victims of emotional and physical hurt, too. Most culprits (70%, according to one study) are known to the child, trusted by the parents and expected to protect the child, including family members, relatives, family friends, teachers and other acquaintances.
One study on reported cases of child sexual abuse indicates a 40% increase in its incidence. It found that at least four children every day are being sexually abused in Pakistan.
Sexual violence becomes sexual exploitation when a second party benefits through sexual activity involving a child. Child trafficking is a classic example of exploitation whereby parents willingly or by coercion send or sell children to child traffickers who engage them in prostitution or sex work in brothels.
Boys and girls are both targets of child sexual abuse and are often powerless to expose the abuse. Thus, it remains hidden from the community or even the family.
This may be one explanation for the claim by many in Pakistan that sexual abuse is not as prevalent in this society as it is in the West.
Neglect
Few in Pakistan might regard neglect as abuse or violence. Neglect can jeopardize a child’s right to life and the highest attainable standard of health, well-being and development. Truly, neglect is a violent act against a child.
Neglect can be physical, educational or emotional. Physical neglect includes failing to provide the child the basic needs of life like food, clothing and shelter, refusal of or delay in seeking health care, abandonment, expulsion from home or refusing to allow runaway children to return home, or inadequate supervision to prevent injury or harm.
Educational neglect refers to parents failing to enroll their children in schools or to take any interest in their school activities and to provide the required support, supervision and guidance.
The girl child in Pakistan is especially vulnerable to neglect, as many parents prefer their sons to their daughters. Girls in Pakistan receive less food, less medical attention, less affection and less education opportunities than are their brothers. The girl child is expected to look after younger siblings at home or to collect firewood or water from miles away while her brother is studying. This is a common occurrence and something that SPARC needs to address under this project.
This constant neglect stemming from an inherent discriminatory attitude towards the girl child crushes and shatters the girl child’s self worth and her sense of confidence. It is a difficult phenomenon to define and measure. There can be no doubt, however, that neglect of the girl child of today affects not only her, but also her children and her grandchildren. The silence surrounding this insidious form of violence must be broken.
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